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NABTEB GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 2019
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Geography
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(1a)
Trade is an economic activity that involves buying and selling of goods and services between private individuals, corporate organizations as well as countries of the world.
(1b)
Two trade partners with Nigeria are namely United Kingdom (Britain) and United States of America (USA)
(1c)
(i) Crude oil
(ii) Automobiles
(iii) Electronics
(iv) Machines
(1d)
(i) Differences in Technology : Advantageous trade can occur between countries if the countries differ in their technological abilities to produce goods and services.
(ii) Differences in Resource Endowments : Advantageous trade can occur between countries if the countries differ in their endowments of resources. Resource endowments refers to the skills and abilities of a country’s workforce, the natural resources available within its borders (minerals, farmland etc.), and the sophistication of its capital stock (machinery, infrastructure, communications systems).
(iii) Differences in Demand : Advantageous trade can occur between countries if demands or preferences differ between countries. Individuals in different countries may have different preferences or demands for various products.
(iv) Existence of Economies of Scale in Production : The existence of economies of scale in production is sufficient to generate advantageous trade between two countries. Economies of scale refer to a production process in which production costs fall as the scale of production rises.
(v) Existence of Government Policies : Government tax and subsidy programs can be sufficient to generate advantages in production of certain products. In these circumstances, advantageous trade may arise solely due to differences in government policies across countries.
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(3a)
(i)Power Crisis
(ii)Misappropriation of Funds by Government
(iii)Excessive Dependence of Nigerians on Imported Goods
(iv)Lack of Finance
(v)Classification of Manufacturing Industry as High Risk Area for Bank Lending
(3b)
(i)Government should pay more attention to solving the power crisis problem plaguing Nigeria for years now. They should allow and support industries to setup their own local power generating systems.
(ii)Funds should be approved for application in the remedy of crucial problems; these may directly and indirectly favour the industrial sector.
(iii)Banks should grant loans to young entrepreneurs and startups to help them push forward their plans.
(iv)In order to discourage importation, locally made products should focus more on quality and durability rather than quantity and profit.
(v)Roads, railways, airports and seaports should be constructed by the government to ease safe transportation of products and overdependence on road transports.
(3c)
(i)Power: Regular supply of power is a pre-requisite for the localisation of industries. Coal, mineral oil and hydro-electricity are the three important conventional sources of power.
(ii)Transport: Transport by land or water is necessary for the assembly of raw materials and for the marketing of the finished products.
(iii)Market: The entire process of manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market. Nearness to market is essential for quick disposal of manufactured goods.
(iv)Water: Many industries are established near rivers, canals and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.
(v)Site: Site requirements for industrial development are of considerable significance. Sites, generally, should be flat and well served by adequate transport facilities.
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(5a)
DIAGRAM
(5b)
(i) Rivers are useful for fishing
(ii) Rivers are useful for water transportation
(iii) Useful for generation of hydro-electric power
(iv) Supply of water for domestic and industrial uses
(v) Serves as tourist center
(5c)
(i) Seasonality : The volume of water in the river vary according to seasons in the year. During wet season, the volume of water increases and reduced when it is the dry season. This is a limitation to the use of the rivers
(ii) Shallowness : The channels of the rivers are not deep enough for proper water transportation for river vessels
(iii) Colour ness : The river are not clean enough as they contain sediments. This hinders the use of water in the river for domestic purposes
(iv) Presence of rapids and cataracts : Most of the Nigerian rivers flow across mass of creeks. This account for presence of waterfalls which limit water transportation on the river.
(v) Short distance : In Nigeria, apart from rivers Niger and Benue, majority of the rivers do not flow for a long distance. This limit the extent to which the rivers can put to use.
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(6a)
DIAGRAM
(6b)
(i) Production of groundnut oil
(ii) Serves as food for man
(iii) Making of soap
(iv) Manufacture of margarine
(v) Used for cattle cakes
(6c)
(i) Provision of employment for majority of the people
(ii) Provision of raw materials for agro based industries
(iii) Provision of income for farmers
(iv) Provision of food crops for the people
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