Under population;
15,000
11,000
25,000
9,000
Total 60,000

Under sectoral angles
15000/60000*360°=90°
11000/60000*360°=66°
25000/60000*360°=150°
9000/60000*360°=54°

18-35years
0-17years
36-60years
61and above Years

(1ii)
Dependency ratio
=(0-17years) + (61and above Years)/(18-35)+(36-60)

=15000+9000/11000+25000
=24000/36000
=2/3 or 2;3

(1iii)
Since the ratio is high its going to lead to
(i)pressure to raise retirement age
(ii)higher government spending
(iii)lower tax revenue
(iv)reduction in productivity growth

(1iv)
% labour force = 11000+25000/60000 * 100%
=60%

(4b)
-Merit-
(i)increase in production :division of labour and specialisation lead to increase in production because the various experts along the production process work together to boost greater production.

(ii)Time saving:Division of labour helps to save time that would have been wasted in moving from one operation to another.

(iii)development of greater skill:Division of labour enables each workers to develop greater skills through repetition of the same process

-Demerits-
(i)Monotony and repetition:In division of labour,a worker perform the same job on daily basis,the job therefore becomes monotonous and boring to him and this may lead to Loss of interest in the job being done

(ii)Decline in craftsmanship:As a result of the use of machines in division box labour ,people no longer makes use of their skills in the production of goods,rather,they become machine minders.
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(9i)
Public revenue is the total income accrues to all levels of administration (local, state and federal) or government from various sources. It includes all the capital revenue (receipts) and recurrent revenue.

(9ii)
(i) Taxes
(ii) Commercial Revenue or Prices.
(iii) Fees.
(iv) License Fee.
(v) Special Assessment.

(i) Taxes: It is one of the most important sources of public revenue. Taxes are compulsory payments to Government without exec of direct return or benefit to the tax payer”. It is a compulsory contribution of a citizen for the service of the Government towards public expenditure.

(ii) Commercial Revenue or Prices. The price is the payment of goods and services sold to them by the government. For example, fares and freights charged by the railways or roadways for transport services or electricity charged paid by citizens for electricity consumption etc.

(iii) Fees. Fee is the payment made by citizen for non-economic services rendered by the
Government . It refers to a payment for special benefits received by a fee-payer. Fee is a payment for services rendered for the benefit of the whole society.

(iv)License Fee. A license fee is paid in such cases where the Government authority confer a permission or a privilege rather than to perform a service of a more tangible and definite sort. Registration fee is one of the examples of this kind of revenue.

(v) Special Assessment. Where the Government provides certain services to the residents of a particular locality by which the value of the properties of residents increases, the Government or the authority may impose a special type of levy based upon the increase in the value of properties, on the residents of that very locality which is known as special assessment or better merit levy.
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(3a)
Scale of preference can be defined as a list of unsatisfied wants of an individual,firm or government,arranged inorder of priority ,starting from the most important to the least important.

(3b)
(i)Ranking of needs:Scale of preference helps us to rank our needs or wants in order of their relative importance

(ii)Identification of highest priority: Scale of preference assists individuals to identity quickly the most important needs among others

(iii)Rational choice: Scale of preference assists individuals, firms and governments to make rational choices in the list of wants