Π Means ohm’s

^–¹ Means Raise to the power of minus 1 or inverse
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(1a)
Balance point G=50.00cm

TABULATE
S/N | m(g) | P(cm) | x(cm) | y(cm) | x^–¹ (cm^-1

UNDER S/N
1 2 3 4 5

UNDER m(g)
20.00 | 30.00 | 40.00 | 50.00 | 60.00

UNDER P(cm)
86.50 | 78.50 | 69.00 | 65.00 | 62.55

UNDER x(cm)
36.50 | 28.50 | 19.00 | 15.00 | 12.55

UNDER y(cm)
35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00

UNDER x^-1 (cm^-1)
0.027 | 0.035 | 0.053 | 0.067 | 0.080

(1av)
Graph

(1avi)
Slope = ∆m/∆x^–¹
=60 – 20 / 0.080 – 0.027
= 40/0.053
Slope, s = 754.72gcm

And

S/y = 754.72/35
=21.56g

(1avii)
Precautions
(i) I avoided the parallax error when reading the meter rule.
(ii) I ensued that the suspended masses did not touch the table

(1bi)
The moment of a force about a point is the product of the force and distance about that point i.e moment = Force × Distance The S.I unit of moment is Nm

(1bii)
The centre of gravity of a body is the point at which the resultant weight of the body appears to act.
The centre of gravity of a body is related to it’s stability because of
(i) The position of the centre of gravity:- The lower the position of C•G, the more stable it is and the more the position increases in height when slightly tilted, the more is the magnitude of it’s potential energy
(ii) The moment of the centre of gravity about a given axis when slightly tilted

(1biii)

Where m is the mass of the meter rule

Clockwise moment = Anti – clockwise moment
200 × 20 = 300 × m
4000=30m
m=4000/30
m=133.33g
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(3a)
Eo=3.0V
TABULATE

S/N | R(ohms) | V(V) | V^–1 (V^–1) | R^–1 (ohms^–1)

UNDER S/N
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

UNDER R(ohms)
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

UNDER V(V)
1.80 2.00 2.20 2.50 2.70

UNDER V^–1 (V^–1)
0.56 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.37

UNDER R^–1 (ohms^–1)
1.00 0.50 0.33 0.25 0.20

(3av)
Graph

Slope, s = ∆V^–¹ / ∆R^–¹
= 0.67 – 0.35 / 1.0 – 0.11
= 0.32/0.89
Slope, s = 0.36ohmsv^–¹
=0.36A^–¹

Intercept k = 0.31v^–¹

(3avi)
T=S/K
=0.36/0.31
=1.16ohms

(3avii)
Precautions
(i) I ensured tight connection of connecting wires to the terminals
(ii) I ensured that the key was open after each reading so that the battery did not run down quickly

(3bi)
Electromotive force of a cell (Emf) is the potential difference across the terminal of the cell when it is not delivering any current to the circuit

(3bii)
Ohmic conductors are;
(i) Coppers
(ii) Aluminium
(iii) Silver

Non ohmic conductor are;
(i) Diode
(ii) Transistor

The unit of conductivity is (Πm)^–¹

(3biii)
E=3v
R=2 ohms
I=0.5A
r=?

I=E/R + r
0.5=3/2 + r
Cross multiply
3=0.5 (2 + r)
3=1 + 0.5r
Collect like terms
3–1 = 0.5r
2=0.5r
Divide both sides by 0.5
r=2/0.5
r=4 ohm’s
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(1)

(1bii)

(1)
Graph.

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(3)

(3biii)